****. Flexible Thinking in Learning Scalen the age of rapid educational and technological changes, learners are required to thinkflexibly and adapt to new ways oflearning and communicating (Barak, Watted,&Haick, 2016;Griffin, McGaw,&Care, 2012;NRC, 2012a). Flexibility is one ofmany skills necessary for success in work, life, and learning in the 21st century (OECD, 2013; P21, 2009). In this study, wefocused on“flexible thinking”since it receives little attention in comparison to other 21st century skills, such as: creativethinking (e.g.Navarrete, 2013), critical thinking (e.g.Kong, 2015; Lee, 2015), or problem solving (e.g.Chao, 2016; vanMerri€enboer, 2013).